Please note that O - origin, I - insertion, A - action
Muscles of the FACIAL EXPRESSION
1. Buccinator:
O - Maxilla, Mandible
I - orbicularis oris
A - compresses cheek against teeth (blowing, mastication)
2. Epicranius
a) Frontalis
O - galea aponeurotica
I - Skin of eyebrows, root of nose
A - raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead horizontally
b) Occipitalis
O - Occipital, Temporal bones
I - galea aponeurotica
A - Fixes aponeurosis, and pulls scalp back (posteriorly)
3. orbicularis oculi
4. orbicularis oris
5. Risorius
6. Zygomaticus major
Muscles of MASTICATION
7. Temporalis
8. Masseter
Muscles MOVING the HEAD
9. Sternocleidomatoid, trapezius
Muscles involved in MOVING the SCAPULA and ARM
10. Serratus Anterior
11. Trapezius
Muscles CROSSING the SHOULDER JOINT
12. Deltoid
13. Latissimus dorsi
14. Pectoralis Major
15. Teres major
16. Infra spinatus
17. Supraspinatus
18. Subscapularis
19. Teres minor
Muscles CROSSING the ELBOW JOINT
20. Biceps brachii
21. brachialis
22. triceps brachii
23. brachioradialis
Muscles of the FOREARM acting on the WRIST, HAND, and FINGERS
24. Flexor carpi radialis
25. Flexor carpi ulnaris
26. Palmaris longus
27. Extensor carpi ulnaris
28. Extensor digitorum
29. extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)
30. pronator teres
Muscles CROSSING the HIP and KNEE JOINTS
Anterior View
31. Iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major)
32. Tensor fasciae latae
33. Quadriceps femoris group (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and medialis)
34. Sarotius
35. adductor longus
36. adductor magnus
37. gracilis
38. Pectineus
Posterior View
39. Gluteus Maximus
40. gluteus medius
41. hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)
Muscles of the LEG
42. Extensor digitorum longus
43. Tibialis anterior
44. Fibularis (peroneus) longus
45. Gastrocnemius
46. Soleus
Muscles of the NECK and VERTEBRAL COLUMN
47. Quadratus lumborum
Muscles of the ABDOMINAL WALL
48. Rectus abdominis
49. External abdominal oblique
Muscles Review
0 comments
Cell Structure
0 commentsThe Cell
Key Structures:
Nucleus, Nuclear Membrane/ Envelope, Chromatin, Nucleolus, Cytoplasm, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER), Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER), Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Complex), Centrioles, Cell/ Plasma Membrane
Here is the cell labeled (click to enlarge):
Microscopes
0 commentsThe Compound Light Microscope:
1. Ocular Lens
2. Tube
3. Coarse Focus Knob
4. Fine Focus Knob
5. Base
6. Rotating Nosepiece
7. Objective lenses (10X, 40X, 100X)
8. Stage
9. Diaphragm Lever
10. Condenser
11. Lamp
The picture above is of a monocular microscope, you may also use a binocular microscope:
Total Magnification:
Objective Lens Magnification X Ocular Lens Magnification (usually 10X)
e.g. 4X objective * 10X Ocular = 40X total magnification
Working Distance: distance between objective and specimen, always the same for a particular objective
Inversion - a phenomenon in which the image you see through the microscope is flipped horizontally and vertically. E.g. You see a slide with "e", under the microscope it looks like
Depth - when you fine focus on a specimen, you can observe a great deal of depth in the viewing field. E.g. Colored threads
